Publishing under the pen name Charb, Stéphane Charbonnier (1967-2015) was a French cartoonist and satirical writer. He was publishing director of Charlie Hebdo from 2009 to 2015 and also contributed to Écho des Savanes, Télérama, Fluide Glacial and L’Humanité. He was assassinated during the attacks on Charlie Hebdo’s office on 7 January 2015.